(102 mm) larger than the door or window width.
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To allow for fastening windows and doors to the masonry, however, the nominal heights and widths of these elements are slightly less.įor conventional construction methods, the widths of masonry openings for doors and windows should generally be 4 in.
The rough opening dimensions illustrated in Figure 1 apply to the layout and construction of the masonry. These modules provide overall design flexibility and coordination with other building products such as windows, doors, and other similar elements as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Standard concrete masonry modules are typically 8 in. (203 mm) vertically and horizontally, but may also include 4- in. However, with other bond patterns units may need to be cut if specially dimensioned units are not used or are not available. Similarly, stack bond construction only requires full-size units when control joints are properly spaced and detailed.
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Locating control joints-In running bond, control joint construction can be accomplished using only full and half-size units. Walls incorporating more than a single bond pattern may present a unique design situation.
Interruption of bond pattern-In addition to the aesthetic impact a change in bond pattern can create, building codes often contain different design assumptions for masonry constructed in running bond versus other bond patterns. As a result, reinforcement placement and adequate consolidation of grout becomes difficult, and partial grouting of walls is virtually impossible. Placement of vertical reinforcement-In construction containing vertical reinforcing steel, the laying of units in other than running (half) bond or stack bond interrupts the vertical alignment of unit cells. When a project does require non-modular layout, further design and construction issues need to be addressed, including: This TEK provides recommendations for planning masonry construction to minimize cutting of masonry units or using nonstandard unit sizes. When modular coordination is not considered during the design phase, jobsite decisions must be made-often in haste and at a cost.
Modular coordination is the practice of laying out and dimensioning structures and elements to standard lengths and heights to accommodate modular-sized building materials. Although concrete masonry structures can be constructed using virtually any layout dimension, for maximum construction effi ciency and economy, concrete masonry elements should be designed and constructed with modular coordination in mind.
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